SQLITE_TABLE(5) File Formats Manual SQLITE_TABLE(5)
NAME
sqlite_table - Postfix SQLite configuration
SYNOPSIS
postmap -q "string" sqlite:/etc/postfix/filename
postmap -q - sqlite:/etc/postfix/filename <inputfile
DESCRIPTION
The Postfix mail system uses optional tables for address rewriting or
mail routing. These tables are usually in lmdb:, cdb:, hash:, or dbm:
format.
Alternatively, lookup tables can be specified as SQLite databases. To
find out what types of lookup tables your Postfix system supports use
the "postconf -m" command.
In order to use SQLite lookups, define an SQLite source as a lookup ta‐
ble in main.cf, for example:
alias_maps = sqlite:/etc/postfix/sqlite-aliases.cf
The file /etc/postfix/sqlite-aliases.cf has the same format as the
Postfix main.cf file, and can specify the parameters described below.
LIST MEMBERSHIP
When using SQL to store lists such as $mynetworks, $mydestination, $re‐
lay_domains, $local_recipient_maps, etc., it is important to understand
that the table must store each list member as a separate key. The table
lookup verifies the *existence* of the key. See "Postfix lists versus
tables" in the DATABASE_README document for a discussion.
Do NOT create tables that return the full list of domains in $mydesti‐
nation or $relay_domains etc., or IP addresses in $mynetworks.
DO create tables with each matching item as a key and with an arbitrary
value. With SQL databases it is not uncommon to return the key itself
or a constant value.
SQLITE PARAMETERS
dbpath The SQLite database file location. Example:
dbpath = customer_database
query The SQL query template used to search the database, where %s is
a substitute for the address Postfix is trying to resolve, e.g.
query = SELECT replacement FROM aliases WHERE mailbox = '%s'
This parameter supports the following '%' expansions:
%% This is replaced by a literal '%' character.
%s This is replaced by the input key. SQL quoting is used
to make sure that the input key does not add unexpected
metacharacters.
%u When the input key is an address of the form user@domain,
%u is replaced by the SQL quoted local part of the ad‐
dress. Otherwise, %u is replaced by the entire search
string. If the localpart is empty, the query is sup‐
pressed and returns no results.
%d When the input key is an address of the form user@domain,
%d is replaced by the SQL quoted domain part of the ad‐
dress. Otherwise, the query is suppressed and returns no
results.
%[SUD] The upper-case equivalents of the above expansions behave
in the query parameter identically to their lower-case
counter-parts. With the result_format parameter (see be‐
low), they expand the input key rather than the result
value.
%[1-9] The patterns %1, %2, ... %9 are replaced by the corre‐
sponding most significant component of the input key's
domain. If the input key is user@mail.example.com, then
%1 is com, %2 is example and %3 is mail. If the input key
is unqualified or does not have enough domain components
to satisfy all the specified patterns, the query is sup‐
pressed and returns no results.
The domain parameter described below limits the input keys to
addresses in matching domains. When the domain parameter is
non-empty, SQL queries for unqualified addresses or addresses in
non-matching domains are suppressed and return no results.
This parameter is available with Postfix 2.2. In prior releases
the SQL query was built from the separate parameters: se‐
lect_field, table, where_field and additional_conditions. The
mapping from the old parameters to the equivalent query is:
SELECT [select_field]
FROM [table]
WHERE [where_field] = '%s'
[additional_conditions]
The '%s' in the WHERE clause expands to the escaped search
string. With Postfix 2.2 these legacy parameters are used if
the query parameter is not specified.
NOTE: DO NOT put quotes around the query parameter.
result_format (default: %s)
Format template applied to result attributes. Most commonly used
to append (or prepend) text to the result. This parameter sup‐
ports the following '%' expansions:
%% This is replaced by a literal '%' character.
%s This is replaced by the value of the result attribute.
When result is empty it is skipped.
%u When the result attribute value is an address of the form
user@domain, %u is replaced by the local part of the ad‐
dress. When the result has an empty localpart it is
skipped.
%d When a result attribute value is an address of the form
user@domain, %d is replaced by the domain part of the at‐
tribute value. When the result is unqualified it is
skipped.
%[SUD1-9]
The upper-case and decimal digit expansions interpolate
the parts of the input key rather than the result. Their
behavior is identical to that described with query, and
in fact because the input key is known in advance,
queries whose key does not contain all the information
specified in the result template are suppressed and re‐
turn no results.
For example, using "result_format = smtp:[%s]" allows one to use
a mailHost attribute as the basis of a transport(5) table. After
applying the result format, multiple values are concatenated as
comma separated strings. The expansion_limit and parameter ex‐
plained below allows one to restrict the number of values in the
result, which is especially useful for maps that must return at
most one value.
The default value %s specifies that each result value should be
used as is.
This parameter is available with Postfix 2.2 and later.
NOTE: DO NOT put quotes around the result format!
domain (default: no domain list)
This is a list of domain names, paths to files, or "type:table"
databases. When specified, only fully qualified search keys with
a *non-empty* localpart and a matching domain are eligible for
lookup: 'user' lookups, bare domain lookups and "@domain"
lookups are not performed. This can significantly reduce the
query load on the SQLite server.
domain = postfix.org, hash:/etc/postfix/searchdomains
It is best not to use SQL to store the domains eligible for SQL
lookups.
This parameter is available with Postfix 2.2 and later.
NOTE: DO NOT define this parameter for local(8) aliases, because
the input keys are always unqualified.
expansion_limit (default: 0)
A limit on the total number of result elements returned (as a
comma separated list) by a lookup against the map. A setting of
zero disables the limit. Lookups fail with a temporary error if
the limit is exceeded. Setting the limit to 1 ensures that
lookups do not return multiple values.
OBSOLETE MAIN.CF PARAMETERS
For compatibility with other Postfix lookup tables, SQLite parameters
can also be defined in main.cf. In order to do that, specify as SQLite
source a name that doesn't begin with a slash or a dot. The SQLite pa‐
rameters will then be accessible as the name you've given the source in
its definition, an underscore, and the name of the parameter. For ex‐
ample, if the map is specified as "sqlite:sqlitename", the parameter
"query" would be defined in main.cf as "sqlitename_query".
OBSOLETE QUERY INTERFACE
This section describes an interface that is deprecated as of Postfix
2.2. It is replaced by the more general query interface described
above. If the query parameter is defined, the legacy parameters de‐
scribed here ignored. Please migrate to the new interface as the
legacy interface may be removed in a future release.
The following parameters can be used to fill in a SELECT template
statement of the form:
SELECT [select_field]
FROM [table]
WHERE [where_field] = '%s'
[additional_conditions]
The specifier %s is replaced by the search string, and is escaped so if
it contains single quotes or other odd characters, it will not cause a
parse error, or worse, a security problem.
select_field
The SQL "select" parameter. Example:
select_field = forw_addr
table The SQL "select .. from" table name. Example:
table = mxaliases
where_field
The SQL "select .. where" parameter. Example:
where_field = alias
additional_conditions
Additional conditions to the SQL query. Example:
additional_conditions = AND status = 'paid'
SEE ALSO
postmap(1), Postfix lookup table maintenance
postconf(5), configuration parameters
ldap_table(5), LDAP lookup tables
mysql_table(5), MySQL lookup tables
pgsql_table(5), PostgreSQL lookup tables
README FILES
DATABASE_README, Postfix lookup table overview
SQLITE_README, Postfix SQLITE howto
LICENSE
The Secure Mailer license must be distributed with this software.
HISTORY
SQLite support was introduced with Postfix version 2.8.
AUTHOR(S)
Original implementation by:
Axel Steiner
SQLITE_TABLE(5)